Exaggerated blame of self or others for causing the trauma.Overly negative thoughts and assumptions about oneself or the world.Inability to recall key features of the trauma.Negative thoughts or feelings that began or worsened after the trauma, in the following way(s): Physical reactivity after exposure to traumatic remindersĪvoidance of trauma-related stimuli after the trauma, in the following way(s):Ĭriterion D: negative alterations in cognitions and mood (two required).Emotional distress after exposure to traumatic reminders.The traumatic event is persistently re-experienced in the following way(s): Indirect exposure to aversive details of the trauma, usually in the course of professional duties (e.g., first responders, medics)Ĭriterion B: intrusion symptoms (one required). Learning that a relative or close friend was exposed to a trauma.The person was exposed to: death, threatened death, actual or threatened serious injury, or actual or threatened sexual violence, in the following way(s): The following text summarizes the diagnostic criteria: Criterion A: stressor (one required) The criteria below are specific to adults, adolescents, and children older than six years.Īll of the criteria are required for the diagnosis of PTSD. Note that DSM-5 introduced a preschool subtype of PTSD for children ages six years and younger. All of the conditions included in this classification require exposure to a traumatic or stressful event as a diagnostic criterion. PTSD is included in a new category in DSM-5, Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association revised the PTSD diagnostic criteria in the fifth edition of its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) 1. Duration of the disturbance (symptoms in Criteria B, C, and D) is more than 1 month.į. Persistent symptoms of increased arousal (not present before the trauma), as indicated by two (or more) of the following:Į. Sense of a foreshortened future (e.g., does not expect to have a career, marriage, children, or a normal life span)ĭ. Restricted range of affect (e.g., unable to have loving feelings) Markedly diminished interest or participation in significant activitiesįeeling of detachment or estrangement from others Inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general responsiveness (not present before the trauma), as indicated by three (or more) of the following:Įfforts to avoid thoughts, feelings, or conversations associated with the traumaĮfforts to avoid activities, places, or people that arouse recollections of the trauma Physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic eventĬ. Intense psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event Recurrent distressing dreams of the eventĪcting or feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring (includes a sense of reliving the experience, illusions, hallucinations, and dissociative flashback episodes, including those that occur on awakening or when intoxicated) Recurrent and intrusive distressing recollections of the event, including images, thoughts, or perceptions The traumatic event is persistently reexperienced in one (or more) of the following ways: The person’s response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror.ī. The person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others. The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following were present:
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